competition environments affect product prices. Using big data, we find that price variations are caused mainly by differential … competitive environments. More specifically, we find that Brand Competition Within Stores exerts the largest downward pressure on … prices. A 10 percent increase in the number of brands reduces prices by about 10 percent. Product Competition Within Stores …

This paper studies the welfare consequences of a vertical merger that raises rivals costs when downstream competition …, that this result extends to price competition with differentiated products. …

more agressive, which triggers price competition and potentially deters entry by generic producers. To investigate the … branded and generic drug prices and branded market shares. Despite fiercer price competition, the number of generic producers …