Fertility has a strong biological component generally ignored by economists. Using the UK Biobank, we analyze the …-nurture interplay becomes stronger in more egalitarian environments that empower women, allowing genes to express themselves more fully …

evidence that import com-petition affected fertility decisions. The results highlight the role of gains from joint consumption …

This paper presents novel causal evidence on the effects of pro-natalist cash transfers on fertility, sex ratio at … total fertility rate in 2015 would have been 4.7% lower without the cash transfers. Surprisingly, the cash transfers had an …

(CEL) of 1997, and the differentiation in its implementation across regions, as instruments for schooling of young mothers … education of mothers increases the probability of completing the full course of DPT and Hepatitis B vaccinations for their … children. Furthermore, education increases the age of first marriage and birth, changes women's and their spouse's labour …

that single women become mothers of young children. We use probit regression to analyze individual data from the U … market earnings and to own separate property. The former were called married women's earnings acts (MWEAs) and the latter … married women's property acts (MWPAs). Scholarly interest in the acts' effects is growing. Researchers have examined how the …

productive if they choose to become mothers. Even though motherhood temporarily handicaps their productivity, it is exactly this … cost of motherhood that signals the mothers' intrinsic high productivity. I explicitly refer to the academic labor market …

provided by mothers (or formal institutions) is superior to informal care arrangements. …

imposes a greater mental health burden on mothers than on fathers. It creates a long-run gender gap in antidepressant … differential help-seeking behavior across the sexes or postpartum depression. Instead, they are related to mothers' higher … investments in childcare: Mothers who take extended maternity leave in quasi-experimental settings are more likely to face mental …

Generous government-mandated parental leave is generally viewed as an effective policy to support women’s careers … around childbirth. But does it help women to reach top positions in the upper pay echelon of their firms? Using longitudinal … that expanded paid leave from 30 weeks in 1989 to 52 weeks in 1993. The representation of women in top positions has only …

This study investigates how the first childbirth affects the wage processes of highly attached women. We estimate a … identification. On the return to work after the birth, mothers' wages drop by 3 to 5.7 per cent per year of leave. We find negative …