In this paper we consider a competitive economy with flows of materials from extraction via recycling to landfilling … stimulates recycling as expected. But it also increases primary material extraction and - possibly - the total waste flow, and it … reduces the recycling ratio. …

Recycling waste from used goods can substitute for scarce raw materials and reduce resource dependence. This paper … presents a model of waste collection, recycling and final goods production using raw and recycled materials. Non-recycled waste … recycling firms to compensate for the savings in disposal costs. We study trade between resource poor economies exporting final …

This paper summarizes the economics perspective on recycling of municipal solid waste. The first section reviews recent … data on recycling rates in the United States and across all OECD countries. The OECD data suggest the average aggregate … recycling rate across member countries appears to have plateaued over the past several decades. Data from the United States on …