We show that the War on Drugs launched by the Mexican President Felipe Calderón in 2007 pushed drug cartels into large … candidate’s party barely lost the elections. Challenger cartels in the drug market leapfrog incumbent drug cartels when entering …

: the introduction of electronic Prescription Drug Monitoring Programs (PDMPs). Using administrative datasets, we find PDMPs …

in drug-related homicides after NAFTA's introduction in 1994 across municipalities with and without drug …-trafficking routes. Routes are predicted least cost paths connecting municipalities with a recent history of detected drug trafficking …