California disaster. Part of the explanation for these difficulties stems from past successful liberalization and deregulation … experiences in other areas suggesting that competition could provide large benefits to hitherto regulated utilities in local …

This paper investigates telecommunication operator investment in broadband infrastructure after local deregulation of … exploit regional differences in deregulation following a 2008 reform. Controlling for initial conditions, first …-difference estimates show that local deregulation increases local investment in infrastructure by both the incumbent and competitors. …

This paper analyzes theoretically and empirically how upstream markets are affected by deregulation downstream …. Deregulation tends to increase the level of uncertainty in the upstream market. Our theoretical analysis predicts that deregulated … plants. On the other hand, we also find that transaction costs may have increased as a consequence of deregulation. …

corporations in the USA, using publicly-available data. Using the model, I compute firm-level markups and decompose them into: 1) a … extent of competition from substitute products. I estimate that, in 2019, public corporations produced consumer surplus in …