purpose, we use a detailed numerical model for the energy markets in Europe and Russia - LIBEMOD. Our results suggest that … removing implicit subsidies to Russian gas consumers will have substantial impacts on total consumption of gas in Russia …

effects of oil exports are taken into account, the estimates support output growth convergence between Iran and the rest of …, which could be partly due to the relatively underdeveloped nature of Iran's financial markets. -- growth models ; long run …

1908-2010. It is shown that although oil has been produced in Iran over a very long period, its importance in the Iranian … revenues when managed appropriately are a blessing, but their volatility (which in Iran is much higher than oil price …

We study the short and long run responses of income inequality to positive per capita oil and gas rent shocks in Iran … different channels potentially affecting the income distribution in Iran. Our analysis can help policymakers evaluate and … accommodate the possible positive or negative effects on inequality in Iran resulting from the 2016 lifting of the embargo against …