California disaster. Part of the explanation for these difficulties stems from past successful liberalization and deregulation …

unbundling (LLU), and (ii) the incumbent and two alternative operators using the fiber technology. We find that a higher number …

This paper analyzes theoretically and empirically how upstream markets are affected by deregulation downstream …. Deregulation tends to increase the level of uncertainty in the upstream market. Our theoretical analysis predicts that deregulated … plants. On the other hand, we also find that transaction costs may have increased as a consequence of deregulation. …

This paper investigates telecommunication operator investment in broadband infrastructure after local deregulation of … exploit regional differences in deregulation following a 2008 reform. Controlling for initial conditions, first …-difference estimates show that local deregulation increases local investment in infrastructure by both the incumbent and competitors. …