changes in France, Germany and Italy. … the productivity of the economy. Trends in social consumption/GDP, and in fiscal policy, reflected political regime …

concludes with an empirical application to consumer price inflation in Germany, France and Italy, and re-examines the extent to …

We derive exact conditions relating the distributions of firm productivity, sales, output, and markups to the form of … Marginal Revenue): it is necessary and sufficient for the distributions of productivity and sales to have the same form …

question in the context of a heterogeneous-firm RBC model with persistent firm-level productivity shocks and lumpy capital …

face a fall in output, mark-ups and profits, and the average productivity of survivors increases. These pro … confirmed in an empirical study of the German clothing industry. -- international trade ; firm heterogeneity ; productivity …

The political unification of Italy in 1861 led to the establishment of a single market, by removing the trade barriers … same time, the Kingdom of Italy started a large infrastructure project to spread railways, which were largely confined in … Northern Italy, all over the country. Using tools from spatial econometrics, we find that railways played a positive effect on …

-nationalist policies (which destroy productivity, compress the income distribution and promote the benefits of social affiliation). …