, resulting in gains in terms of both employment and wages for natives, which does not hold for documented immigration. Stricter …

the share of the outsourced workforce is not too large, this wage-moderation effect on domestic employment outweighs the … direct substitution effect so that domestic employment increases in unionized firms as outsourcing costs fall. This does not … for employment. However, except for low outsourcing activities, the impact of these policy measures will become smaller as …

best-performing EU countries. We find a general trade-off between an increase in employment for a particular group and the … income of the average group member relative to income per capita. Reforms that increase employment of lowand medium …-skilled workers imply a trade-off between employment and wages in the low- and medium-skilled group, due to the increase in the skill …

This paper empirically examines the impact of labour market counter-reforms on real GDP per capita and employment … employment protection legislation (EPL), which we further split into counter-reforms for regular and temporary workers, and …

By how much does an increase in operating effectiveness of a public employment agency (PEA) and a reduction of …

, and (iii) employment protection - shape fiscal multipliers and output volatility. Our theoretical model highlights that … emanate from employment protection, followed by union density. While some labor market institutions mitigate the …