In this paper we show that price equalization alone is not sufficient to determine the barriers to international trade …. There are many barrier combinations that deliver price equalization, but each combination implies a different volume of … goods will deliver price equalization in capital goods, but cannot reproduce the observed trade flows. -- international …

became physically integrated. The oil-linked Continental gas price became dominant, due to both the large volume of the … opening up of the Interconnector (1998) the UK gas market had neither government price regulation nor a physical Continental … oil and electricity, took place. Using monthly price data, we find a highly integrated market where wholesale demand seems …

substantial price differences between gas from different export countries, and do prices move together? Time series of Norwegian … prices for gas to Germany move proportionally over time, indicating an integrated gas market (the Law of One Price holds). We …. Among the explanatory factors for price discrepancies are differences in volume flexibility (swing) and perceived political …

We study how mandatory online disclosure of supermarket prices affects prices and price dispersion in brick … in price dispersion and a 4% to 5% drop in prices following the transparency regulation. The price drop varied across …, we show that prices declined as more consumers used price-comparison websites, and we highlight the role of media …

We study cross-country price differences in the European market for new passenger cars based on detailed pricing and … technical data. Car prices in Europe converged until the year 2003, but not thereafter. Within the EU 15 countries the price … range of the median model in 2004 was close to 20 percent. We document a source of international price differentiation …

evidence. In 2004, Estonia joined the European Union, which mandated that it withdraws from its FTA with Ukraine ("Uxit … panel estimations that trade volumes between Estonia and Ukraine fell by more than 20%. We find that withdrawing an FTA …

technologies are likely to be postponed due to the peculiar characteristics of emission allowance prices. Furthermore, this price …

efficient firms are active. This is likely to lead to price increases, rather than decreases. …