consider improvements to market design and regulation as these two energy markets become increasingly interlinked. …

regulation on the probability of a crisis. We test this relationship by applying a Probit model of a non-linear specification to …: it rises as regulation stringency moves from low to medium levels and falls from medium to high levels. Countries located …

This paper analyzes theoretically and empirically how upstream markets are affected by deregulation downstream …. Deregulation tends to increase the level of uncertainty in the upstream market. Our theoretical analysis predicts that deregulated … plants. On the other hand, we also find that transaction costs may have increased as a consequence of deregulation. …

, distributional effects have been more difficult to assess. In the electricity sector, deregulation has vastly increased information … impact of deregulation. This also means policies that change fuel prices can have substantially different effects on …

telecommunications operator France Telecom was simultaneously subjected to the deregulation of the telecom market in the world and to a …

of telecommunications as given by Façanha and Resende (2004), Resende and Façanha (2005) and Resende and Tupper (2009 …