We analyze (frequency) connectedness and portfolio hedging among U.S. energy commodities from 1997 to 2023. We show …

Electricity is a general purpose technology and the catalyst for the second industrial revolution. Developing countries … with the length of higher-voltage electricity lines. Instrumenting for electrification using hydroelectric potential, we …

, but the relative contribution of the two types of market turns out to be highly unstable, especially for the most deferred … contracts. The implications of these results for hedging and forecasting crude oil spot prices are also discussed …. -- cointegration ; oil market ; futures prices ; price discovery …

areas. In particular, the U.S. telecommunications sector was hit by a deep crisis and electricity reforms suffered under the … telephony and the electricity sector. Part of the explanation lies in an underestimate of the coordination problems, resulting …

market expectation of the price of the underlying asset. Although this expectation in principle may be recovered by adjusting … the futures price by the estimated risk premium, a common problem is that there are as many measures of the market … long-standing problem of how to estimate the market expectation of the price of crude oil. We provide a new measure of oil …

electricity is low and net-availability and transport capacity high. Accounting for periods of gas specific pricing is relevant …