alternative mechanism known as divided government. By dividing government control between the executive and legislative branches … states from 1975 to 2000, it is shown that the probability of divided government is 10-15 percent higher when governors are … control an otherwise unaccountable executive. -- divided government ; lame duck ; term limit ; accountability …

This paper studies how divided government - arising when control of the government branches is split between parties … they serve in a divided government than they are in a fully unified government. We find similar but smaller effects for …. However, in terms of policy implementation, we find evidence of moderation: when a unified Republican government loses a …

The mix of formal and informal mechanisms for contract enforcement is examined using survey data from Russia, Ukraine …, Romania, Poland, and Slovakia. Using the size of trade credit to quantify the success of contracting, we ask: Do the courts …

what extent government ideology predicts if state governments consolidate budgets and which fiscal adjustment path they …

States have soft budget constraints when they can expect a bailout by the federal government in the event of a …

This paper argues that corruption in Russia is systemic in nature. Low wage levels of public officials provide strong … within Russia, survey the literature on the causes, consequences, and cures of corruption in Russia, and discuss entry points …

This paper uses a survey among students at European universities to explore whether Russia's invasion of Ukraine has … affected attitudes toward European integration. Some respondents completed the survey just before Russia's assault on February …

-market-shock structures of production. Tracking voting outcomes at the district level in Russia's presidential elections, we document …