Western Europe, but by lower employment rates in Eastern and Southern Europe. …

communism. …

We study the effect of exposure to communism (EC), a political-economic regime based on collectivist planning, on … variation in EC in a large sample of Central and Eastern European countries (CEEC). Against the backdrop that ‘communism gives …, suggesting that (raising uncertainty and adversity during) communism increased the demand for all types of available insurance. …

Italy’s domestic tourism flows during the recent years of economic recession. Indeed, the occurrence of closer tourism … dataset is made of inter-regional tourism flows among Italian regions over the 2000 - -12 period; across this period, 2008 to …

described as a natural experiment to study the enduring effects of communism. We show in three steps that the populations in …

We investigate the determinants of the fertility decline in Europe from 1830 to 1970 using a newly constructed dataset … new fertility behavior from French-speaking regions to the rest of Europe. We observe that societies with higher education …

social safety nets in the United States than in Western and Northern Europe, in spite of higher per capita income. The West …