Members of Parliament (MPs) was instrumental in this. We find that three factors influenced their rebellion calculus: the MP …

effect. It further varies with politicians power, firm size and governance, and connection strength, and diminishes as a …

power, we exploit (i) new appointments to the company leadership team and (ii) discontinuities around the marginal seat of …

just signaling for active involvement in lobbying action, since we find evidence that actual meeting attendance has a …

classical power indices. The main emphasis in the assessment is in stability, efficiency and fairness. The paper concludes that … co-decision either with shared right to initiate between the Commission and the the Parliament or a double-hat Presidency …

for decision making. To gauge if European Parliament (EP) and Council of Ministers (CM) are equally powerful codecision … institutionally the Council and the Parliament are seemingly in a symmetric position, CM has significantly greater influence on EU …

distribution of political power as a mediating factor. We present a simple theoretical model showing that increased rents are … show that rents can promote political stability, but only when the political power is sufficiently concentrated. Indeed, if …

parties ; ideological predispositions ; electoral power ; post-elections lobbying ; enforced party discipline … given party ideological predispositions and power distribution determine the expected policy outcome. Our analysis applies … weighted by power. Our second result clarifies how the success of an interest group hinges on the dominance of its ideology in …