all due to differences in what students bring with them to school - socio-economic background, cultural factors, and the … like? Or do school systems make a difference? This essay argues that differences in features of countries' school systems … factors of the school system, as well as factors beyond the school system, account for cross-country achievement differences …

If school closures and social-distancing experiences during the Covid-19 pandemic impeded children's skill development …, they may leave a lasting legacy in human capital. To understand the pandemic's effects on school children, this paper … on the conceptual framework of an education production function, we cover evidence on child, parent, and school inputs …

argue that low-achieving students may be particularly affected by the lack of educator support during school closures. We … collect detailed time-use information on students before and during the school closures in a survey of 1,099 parents in …

Children starting school at older ages consistently exhibit better educational outcomes. In this paper, we underscore … child development as a mechanism driving this effect. We study the causal effect of school starting age on a child …'s probability of developing special educational needs in early grades. We find that starting school at a relatively older age …

. When there are no peer group effects, efficiency is achieved when (at least) all but one school are public. In particular … in the two school case, the impact of a public school is spectacular as we go from a setting of extreme differentiation … to an efficient allocation. However, in the three school case, a single public school will lower welfare compared to the …

. However, the political manipulation of the school curricula can give rise to indoctrination effects with counterproductive … welfare consequences on its pupils. This paper studies the effects of communist indoctrination on human capital accumulation … and labour market outcomes in Poland. We document that the reduction of Marxist-Leninist indoctrination in school …

We study the effect of the world's largest school feeding program on children's learning outcomes. Staggered … implementation across different states of a 2001 Indian Supreme Court Directive mandating the introduction of free school lunches in … this to estimate the effect of program exposure on math and reading test scores of primary school-aged children. We find …

We exploit variation stemming from school consolidations in Denmark from 2010-2011 to analyze the impact on student … achievement as measured by test scores. For each student we observe enrollment and test scores one year prior to school … consolidation and up to four years after. We find that school consolidation has adverse effects on achievement in the short run and …