.S. "exhausts" all rights of the patentee to that item under the Patent Act. This decision goes against the Government's position … that a foreign sale authorized by the U.S. patentee should exhaust U.S. patent rights by default unless the patentee … subjects the firms that source in the South and sell in the North to the risk of a patent infringement lawsuit but allows the …

strong, positive impact of policy and globalization on cross-border patent flows, especially from North to South. A … counterfactual welfare analysis suggests that the increase in patent flows from North to South has benefited both regions, with South … gaining more than North post-2000, thus lowering real income inequality in the world. …

. Domestic innovation is measured as citation-weighted domestic patents filed at the European Patent Office (EPO): to account for … to patent at the EPO. Results show that, in the short-run, IPR stimulate innovation. The effect for developing countries …This paper analyses the causal impact of Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) on pharmaceutical innovation in a panel of …

We construct a tractable general equilibrium model of cumulative innovation and growth, in which new ideas strictly … lower than the social plannerś benchmark, which suggests a role for patent policy. We focus on a "non-infringing inventive … the rate of innovation, as well as a separate optimal required inventive step that maximizes welfare, with the former …

emanating from China's economic ascent could in theory either augment or stifle U.S. innovation. Using three decades of U ….S. patents matched to corporate owners, we quantify how foreign competition affects domestic innovation. Rising import exposure … sectoral patenting trends, we find that U.S. patent production declines in sectors facing greater import competition. This …

for acquiring for the purpose of putting a patent to sleep decreases when the intellectual property law is stricter …

innovate, harmonization toward narrower patent breadth may raise world welfare. …We examine the Nash equilibria of a game where two national governments set patent breadth strategically. Broader … North can innovate, harmonization of patent breadth lowers welfare relative to the Nash equilibrium. When both countries can …

We study the causal impact of invalidating marginally valid patents during post-grant opposition at the European Patent … participation of a patent's original examiner in the opposition division as an instrument. We find a disciplinary effect of … invalidation: Affected inventors file 20% fewer patent applications in the decade after the decision. This effect is entirely …

We investigate how international patent activity enables firms from emerging economies to thrive in the global … marketplace. We match Chinese customs data to US patent records, and leverage the quasi-random assignment of USPTO patent … examiners to identify the causal effect of a US patent grant on the subsequent export performance of Chinese firms. Successful …

This paper provides a first comprehensive quantitative analysis of optimal patent policy in the global economy. We … application delivers three main results. First, the potential gains from international cooperation over patent policies are large … counterproductive, slightly reducing welfare in the Global South and for the world. Overall, there is substantial scope for policy …