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This paper studies how an increase in the number of armed groups operating within an area affects the amount of organized political violence. We use plausible exogenous variation in the number of armed groups in Pakistan, by exploiting the split of a major group due to the natural death of its...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012231521
How does electoral accountability affect the effectiveness of terrorism prevention in a democracy? We analyze the … connection between electoral accountability and policy effectiveness in the context of terrorism prevention. We develop a formal … objective of terrorism prevention and have symmetric information. We show that electoral pressures to be successful in terrorism …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10003913208
This survey provides an in-depth analysis of existing research on the economic analysis of terrorism and counter …-terrorist measures. First the existing evidence on the causes of terrorism is analyzed, then we consider the evidence of the consequences … of terrorism and we demonstrate why it is important to regarding of the issue of counter-terrorism policy. Moreover the …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10003956021
This survey provides an in-depth analysis of existing research on the economic analysis of terrorism and counter …-terrorist measures. First the existing evidence on the causes of terrorism is analyzed, then we consider the evidence of the consequences … of terrorism and we demonstrate why it is important to regarding of the issue of counter-terrorism policy. Moreover the …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10003956028
provide causal estimates of the effect of U.S. military aid on anti-American terrorism. We find that higher levels of military … aid led to an increased likelihood of the recipient country to produce anti-American terrorism. For our preferred … instrumental-variable specification, doubling U.S. military aid increases the risk of anti-American terrorism by 4.4 percentage …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012241071
We investigate the effect of U.S. military aid and U.S. troop deployments on anti-American terrorism, using a sample of … 106 countries between 1986 and 2011. We find that greater military commitment leads to more anti-American terrorism. We ….S. military aid and anti-American terrorism. Our findings suggest that U.S. military policy does not make the United States safer …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10011735977
This chapter discusses the role of military interventionism and aid in nation-building. We argue that (1) intervention strategies of foreign actors like the United States often unfavorably interact with local institutional settings, which (2) produces undesired outcomes not only for the target...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10013380559
Measuring and identifying financial constraints represents an important challenge in empirical studies. Due to data limitations perception-based indicators or approximations of access to finance by the usage of finance are often used, disregarding firm-specific differences in the demand for...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10009728261
We explore the sources of racial disparities in small business lending by studying the $806 billion Paycheck Protection Program (PPP), which was designed to support small business jobs during the COVID-19 pandemic. PPP loans were administered by private lenders but federally guaranteed, largely...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012643529
We analyze a large-scale survey of owners, managers, and employees of small businesses in the United States to understand the effects of the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic on those businesses. The survey was fielded in late April 2020 among Facebook business page administrators, frequent...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012291877