We explore how the vertical structure of direct democracy in a federal context affects expenditure decisions of sub … of direct democracy. This allows us to take into account vertical differences between institutions, i.e. we can … distinguish the effect of state direct democracy on local expenditures for municipalities with and without own direct democratic …

paper compares three regimes (centralization, decentralization and federalism) in an economy where individuals choose their … move from decentralization to federalism, called moral federalism, is welfare improving behind the veil of ignorance if and … only if centralization dominates decentralization, and (ii) for the group that favors a restrictive policy moral federalism …

influence, let alone contest, a national referendum on a new constitution because, if they didn't like the result, they would …-sourced constitution bill from 2009 to 2014, and also offers an explanation as to why the bill failed to be passed by Parliament … fixed ex post, but this is what the Icelandic Parliament is at present trying to do, flirting with a farewell to democracy. …

constitutional bill are impossible to establish, an analysis of the Icelandic constitution-writing efforts as 'digital democracy …' reveals some important lessons. High-quality input into constitution-making processes through digital participation is …

-crash constitutional revision process launched in 2009. Also, the paper offers a brief account of some aspects of the constitution …

This paper reviews aspects of the constitution making process in Iceland after the financial collapse of 2008 …, emphasizing the differences between the provisional constitution of 1944 when Iceland separated unilaterally from Nazi …-occupied Denmark and Denmark's 1849 constitution which served, with notable exceptions, as the prototype for Iceland’s 1944 …

This paper analyzes the impact of fiscal federalism on income inequality and redistribution. Theoretically … setting in Switzerland to study the issue empirically. According to our findings tax decentralization tends to reduce …

Using a new dataset of Swiss cantons from 1890 to 2000, we estimate the causal effect of direct democracy on government … democracy has a constraining, but modest effect on spending. Our estimates suggest that a mandatory budget referendum reduces … spending by 2.2 percent. We find no evidence that direct democracy at the canton level results in higher local spending or a …