secularization. We construct a unique panel dataset of advanced-school enrollment and Protestant church attendance in German cities … negatively related to church attendance. In panel models with lagged explanatory variables, educational expansion precedes … reduced church attendance. …

model of the strategic interaction between the Catholic Church and host governments shows how the pope’s use of conditional …

This paper studies how imposing norms on contribution behavior affects individuals' intrinsic motivation. We consider … the church levy, which the Catholic Church in Germany collects as a charitable donation, despite the fact that the levy is …, communicating the legal norm results in a significant crowd-out of intrinsic motivation. In contrast, strongly intrinsically …

between social group size and fundraising outcomes: (i) a positive relationship between group size and the total number of …

Much fundraising is done by individuals within existing social groups. Exploiting a unique dataset, we demonstrate (i …

Ineffective fundraising lowers the resources charities can use for goods provision. We combine a field experiment and a … causal machine-learning approach to increase a charity's fundraising effectiveness. The approach optimally targets … fundraising to individuals whose expected donations exceed solicitation costs. Among past donors, optimal targeting substantially …

Does online fundraising increase charitable giving? Using the Facebook advertising tool, we implemented a natural field … experiment across Germany, randomly assigning almost 8,000 postal codes to Save the Children fundraising videos or to a pure … substitution and measurement issues. We found that (i) video fundraising increased donation revenue and frequency to Save the …