imports can also occur. These models when calibrated to 1995 data for Vietnam also suggest quantitatively much larger impacts …

domestic firms in a low-income host country. The US-Vietnam Bilateral Trade Agreement reduced US import tariffs on exports from … Vietnam. Tariff reductions led to entry of foreign and private firms and to employment expansion in formal manufacturing, with …

When Vietnam entered WTO in 2007 it was granted an accession period up to 2014. During this period tariffs would have … Vietnam has many state-owned enterprises that do not behave in a profit maximizing way. The model simulations show that the … of income will take place among the poor rural households in Vietnam. We propose other tariff reforms that both raise …

irrigation, crucial to alternative crops, and weakens local incentives to rebuild infrastructure and enforce law and order …

pesticides are generally more stringent than under autarky. As a result, trade increases the price volatility of crops produced … by both countries, and of some or all of the crops that are country-specific, depending on the intensity of the …