Austria traded on the Swiss bourse during WWII. Some war events that are generally considered crucial are clearly reflected in … government bond prices. This holds, in particular, for the official outbreak of the war and the loss and gain of national …

international conflict. In this paper, we investigate whether this motive is sufficiently important for war to persist in … Immanuel Kant (1795, 1991) always exists. The reason is that in the absence of the threat of war, leaders are unable to divert … exist with a positive war frequency. Third, if multiple equilibria exist, the perpetual peace equilibrium may be unstable in …

income. We explain this process of democratization as a rational way for incumbent elites to wage war effectively on other …

conflict is about rival goods, more similar groups are more likely to engage in war with each other. We formalize these ideas …

nothing if it loses. We study a model of war with such an asymmetric payoff structure, and private information about military … win the war unless its expected military technology is considerably worse. Our model may thus explain why defending …

This study examines the causal joint effect of a new political regime and war against Iraq on life expectancy of … Iranians for the period 1978–1988 during the revolution and war. I use a synthetic control approach to construct a synthetic … evolution of the factual Iranian life expectancy during the post-revolution period through the end of the war. I find a sizable …

standalone effects. In this study, we focus on the case of the Iranian Revolution of 1979 and the subsequent Iran-Iraq war from … 1980 to 1988. We use the synthetic control method to study the effect of revolution and war on changes in income inequality … levels. Had there been no revolution and war in Iran, how would income inequality have developed? Utilizing the synthetic …

Entrepreneurs are often situated in extreme environments characterized by violent conflict. Yet, war is largely a blind … study of entrepreneurial dynamics in the Russo-Ukrainian war. Relative to the synthetic counterfactual, Ukraine's number of … way for systematic scholarship on "war and entrepreneurship," our study proposes a conceptual framework integrating …

globalization and import dependency as a short-term reaction to economic turbulences and geopolitical upheaval at the onset of war …