exist with a positive war frequency. Third, if multiple equilibria exist, the perpetual peace equilibrium may be unstable in … international conflict. In this paper, we investigate whether this motive is sufficiently important for war to persist in … equilibrium if all countries are democracies. Three key findings emerge. First, the perpetual peace equilibrium hypothesized by …

quo without arming (or unarmed peace) and open conflict (or war) that is possibly destructive. With a focus on outcomes … over an insecure portion of their combined output, we study the choice between a peace agreement that maintains the status … that are immune to both unilateral deviations and coalitional deviations, we find that, depending on war’s destructive …

Austria traded on the Swiss bourse during WWII. Some war events that are generally considered crucial are clearly reflected in … government bond prices. This holds, in particular, for the official outbreak of the war and the loss and gain of national …

nothing if it loses. We study a model of war with such an asymmetric payoff structure, and private information about military … win the war unless its expected military technology is considerably worse. Our model may thus explain why defending …

income. We explain this process of democratization as a rational way for incumbent elites to wage war effectively on other …

standalone effects. In this study, we focus on the case of the Iranian Revolution of 1979 and the subsequent Iran-Iraq war from … 1980 to 1988. We use the synthetic control method to study the effect of revolution and war on changes in income inequality … levels. Had there been no revolution and war in Iran, how would income inequality have developed? Utilizing the synthetic …

conflict is about rival goods, more similar groups are more likely to engage in war with each other. We formalize these ideas …

globalization and import dependency as a short-term reaction to economic turbulences and geopolitical upheaval at the onset of war …