municipal and parliamentary elections and also have a larger beauty premium in municipal, but not in parliamentary, elections …. -- beauty ; elections ; political candidates ; appearance ; ideology ; parties … data on personal votes in real elections with a web survey in which 2,513 non-Finnish respondents evaluated the facial …

-in-differences analysis, using candidates in municipal elections as a control group, suggests that the higher salary increased the fraction of …

consider an Italian law which introduced gender quotas in local elections in 1993, and was abolished in 1995. As not all … municipalities went through elections during the period the reform was in force, we can identify two groups of municipalities and use … elections ; difference in differences ; average years of education …

politicians. We consider an Italian law which introduced gender quotas in candidate lists for local elections in 1993, and was … abolished in 1995. As not all municipalities went through elections during this period, we can identify two groups of …

into electoral success? Second, do political parties strategically exploit the "beauty premium" when deciding on which … candidates to nominate, and, third, do elected MPs use their beauty premium to reap some independence from their party? Using the … show that plurality elections provide more scope for translating physical attractiveness into electoral success than …

A substantial literature studies franchise extension, focusing primarily on class-based – rather than race …-based – voting restrictions. This paper constructs and analyzes a novel dataset that codes the presence of race-based restrictions on …

and the subsequent pursuit of a Congressional career. The empirical approach uses a sample of mixed-gender elections to … women, and its effect on winning a Congressional race is five times larger for men than women. These gaps emerge early in …