Understanding the factors that may produce a sustained rate of innovation is important for promoting economic … development and growth. In this paper, we examine the role of human capital in firms' innovation by using a large sample of … small and medium sized cities. Patent applications are used as the measure of innovation. Human capital indicators used …

Technological progress builds upon itself, with the expansion of invention in one domain propelling future work in … linked fields. Our analysis uses 1.8 million U.S. patents and their citation properties to map the innovation network and its … strength. Past innovation network structures are calculated using citation patterns across technology classes during 1975 …

This paper introduces dynamics in the R&D to innovation and innovation to productivity relationships, which have mostly … individual effects and idiosyncratic errors correlated across equations and that differ in the way innovation enters the … Community Innovation Survey. The results provide evidence of robust unidirectional causality from innovation to productivity and …

may even reduce welfare. The reason is that it crowds out proprietary innovation which on net may reduce total innovation …We study an endogenous growth model where a profit-motivated R and D sector coexists with the introduction of free … in the long run. These effects would be reinforced if philanthropical innovation diverted people from other productive …

North can innovate, harmonization of patent breadth lowers welfare relative to the Nash equilibrium. When both countries can … innovate, harmonization toward narrower patent breadth may raise world welfare. …

and social welfare. We use an analytical model to assess the conditions under which such subsidies increase efficiency of … that are welfare-enhancing when greenhouse gas externalities are taken into account. We also derive the conditions under …