In view of the deferred start of negotiations for the modernization of the Customs Union between the EU and Turkey (CU … additional increase in EU-Turkey manufacturing trade by 55-65% compared to the previously active Ankara Agreement. We also …

main languages used in EU and candidate countries. We show that widespread knowledge of languages is an important …

-tariff barriers. We find that, for the particular case of the EU, it is not possible to strictly discriminate between horizontal or …

different counterfactual post-Brexit scenarios, our main findings suggest that UKs (EUs) exports of goods to the EU (UK) are … effects for the EU are negligible in magnitude and statistically not different from zero. …

particular, the EU's eastward enlargement or the EU-Korea trade agreement have lowered the UK's outward trade costs only … the UK from EU agreements resulting into a return of trade costs to the situation quo ante. We make this point with the … with other papers, the welfare costs of Brexit are higher in the UK than in most other EU countries. However, the …

Eastern Partnership attempted to further political stability and economic development by liberalising trade between the EU and … establishing political democracy and human rights in key countries. In response, the EU increased the emphasis in the ENP on … among the countries of the region as well as between each such country and the EU. Using a panel gravity model of trade …

-half of the growth in trade over the period 1999-2003 and are therefore a major driving force of the EU Single Market …