manufacturing. Finally, we find evidence consistent with the hypothesis that national infrastructure (i.e., transport …

Using firm-level data from France, we document that the shift of economic activity from manufacturing to services over … manufacturing firms that increasingly locate in suburban and rural areas. Motivated by these findings, we estimate a structural … strengthened for services but weakened for manufacturing. This divergence is a key driver of the urban bias but it dampens …

manufacturing employment in the year of its country's manufacturing peak and the subsequent change in total employment, reflecting … the fact that cities where manufacturing was initially more important experienced larger negative labor demand shocks. But … manufacturing jobs. Overall, 34% of former manufacturing hubs-defined as cities with an initial manufacturing employment share in …

Vertical externalities, changes in one level of government’s policies that affect the budget of another level of … government, may lead to non-optimal government policies. These externalities are associated with tax bases that are shared or "co … are horizontal externalities generated by cross-border shopping, there is still reason to co-occupy the tax base if …

create externalities among workers, since their utility upon accepting a contract depends on their team's performance and … therefore on their colleagues' productivity. We study the effects of such externalities in a competitive labor market if workers …-efficient separation of workers according to their productivity. We further find that externalities facilitate equilibrium existence, where …