useful ideal type that describes many of the states that have ever existed. The study of proprietary rule and its public … finance, however, is comparatively scarce. I argue that proprietary rule emerges out of anarchy and its main alternative … inefficient because all the savings that come out of the public provision of security are dissipated into contests for power among …

and an increase in the share of minimum pensions leads to higher pension system deficits and eventually more public debt … rates in the defined-benefit first pension pillar. Finally, results show that the Estonian move will increase public debt … only very moderately in the long run, even though this result is sensitive to the effective interest rate on public debt …

The paper highlights the origins of Public Choice as a descendant of Public Finance. …

international finance is "what is insurance and where does insurance end?" This paper aims to elaborate on the economics of … insurance and its borders with general finance. It argues that the classification challenge by regulators partly stems from … terminological confusion between insurance activities and more general financial activities. Insurance and finance both use the same …