places with few or no emissions restrictions, an effect known as leakage. Relocated industries would continue to pollute but … would be operating in a less desirable location. We consider solutions to the leakage problem in a simple setting where one … tax rate on production lower due to leakage; (3) taxing only production (on the demand side), however, would be …

rate than the extraction tax rate, and (iii) a goods-specific export subsidy. The policy controls leakage by combining …

generate electricity from coal. When electricity is traded, that combined policy prevents the leakage of emissions and coal …

avoid leakage from regulated to unregulated jurisdictions. This paper investigates the impact of a large electricity tax …