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Traditional economic models of vaccination behavior simply assume that agents free-ride on the vaccination decisions of others. We provide three different models of private provision of a public good, such as a joint production model and a conjectural variation model, to explain how a positive...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10011805101
This paper reports the results from a statistical analysis of pharmaceutical price negotiations in Germany, where the … pricing system was changed in 2011 in order to tie prices more to the benefits of the pharmaceuticals. A multiple linear … regression of 187 pharmaceuticals which were assessed from 2011 to 2017 suggests that, despite the change, the manufacturers …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012119750
find that prices have a negative impact on transitions in the sense that an increase in the brand price will reduce the … transition from generics to brand and likewise an increase in the generic price will reduce the transition from brand to generics …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10008697144
natural policy experiment in Norway, to what extent the price responsiveness of prescription choices is affected when the … structural model for the three drugs, covering demand and price setting, is estimated in a joint maximum likelihood approach. We … national insurance. -- pharmaceuticals ; discrete choice model ; funding-schemes …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10009377790
explains large price heterogeneities across buyers, drug classes, and time periods. Additionally, of the drug price variation … transaction volume, buyer's loyalty, and multiple drug purchases strengthens buyer's bargaining power and results in a drug price …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012138768
We study effects of direct-to-consumer advertising (DTCA) in the prescription drug market. There are two pharmaceutical …), creating a captive and a selective segment of physicians. First, we show that detailing, DTCA and price (if not regulated) are …/or price regulation is lenient. The desirability of DTCA also depends on whether or not the regulator is concerned with firms …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10003110551
Economic and social interaction takes place between individuals with heterogeneous characteristics. We investigate experimentally the emergence and informal enforcement of different contribution norms to a public good in homogeneous and different heterogeneous groups. When punishment is not...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10003871980
Concern about potential free riding in the provision of public goods has a long history. More recently, experimental economists have turned their attention to the conditions under which free riding would be expected to occur. A model of free riding is provided here which demonstrates that...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10008697050
In Germany, there is no trade union membership wage premium, while the membership fee amounts to 1% of the gross wage. Therefore, prima facie, there are strong incentives to free-ride on the benefits of trade unionism. We establish empirical evidence for a private gain from trade union...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10008697520
Our experimental analysis of alliances in conflicts leads to three main findings. First, even in the absence of repeated interaction, direct contact or communication, free-riding among alliance members is far less pronounced than what would be expected from non-cooperative theory. Second, this...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10008808262