Poland is obligated to adopt the euro after the fulfilment, inter alia, of the exchange rate criterion which requires … estimate real Polish zloty/euro equilibrium rate. Although the main goal of our analysis is to compute measures of current and …

euro area, and investigates the linkages between them in a VAR framework, also allowing for the possible impact of the … introduction of the euro and resulting in lower long-run uncertainty. It also appears that the direction of causality has been … reversed, and that in the euro period the Friedman-Ball link is empirically supported, implying that the ECB can achieve lower …

diminish during the last stage of the run-up to the euro. Important non-linear adjustments are also detected for Denmark in ERM …