an airline's total fuel usage to seven variables: the available ton miles of capacity (passengers plus freight and mail …) provided by the airline; the average seat capacity of its aircraft, average stage length (flight distance); average load factor … (measured by weight); the average vintage (construction year) of its aircraft; the percentage of the airline's flights that are …

Airline fuel consumption is costly for the firms and for society as well due to a climate-change externality. We study … externality. The airline industry's capital stock can be easily inventoried as a set of long-lived, durable aircraft. This …. Changes in airline operations directed toward conserving fuel can be an important path toward lower emissions. …

impact is the standard method in bibliometrics. Since citation rates for journal papers differ substantially across … are the most important indicators in bibliometrics: (1) the mean normalized citation score (MNCS) compares the citation …

which it delivers distinctive testable predictions on the sign and direction of convergence. We then use the World Value …