theory says that the congestion tolls levied on the various airlines at a particular airport should generally be different …The likely resurgence of air traffic in the U.S. means that airport congestion is a problem that must soon be …, with the tolls being inversely related to a carrier s airport flight share. Internalization of airport congestion is the …

The theory of road pricing developed for single links suggests time andlocation varying charges equal to the marginal … congestion cost at the efficientlevel of traffic. The second-best network counterpart is derived, but would beinfeasible to … of cordon tolls aremeasured and shown to correlate with optimal congestion tolls, but to bemodest in size and not to …

related to the introduction of congestion policies, focusing on tradeable driving permits and congestion tolls. We have the … congestion policies welfare-reducing. Second, drivers will oppose the policies even when they receive all permits for free, or … political majority to support both congestion policies. Third, in an infinite horizon setting, tradable permits are superior to …

congestion-sensitive content; however, this creates more congestion for other existing content. By contrast, if capacity is …

We estimate the marginal external congestion cost of motor-vehicle travel for Rome, Italy, using a methodology that … accounts for hypercongestion (a situation where congestion decreases a road's throughput). We show that the external cost … hypercongested for more than one hour per day. Hypercongestion accounts for about 40 percent of congestion-related welfare losses …

and user-cost structure. Our results emphasize the role of congestion in determining this optimal financing structure and …, depending upon the degree of congestion. We extend the model to allow for monopoly pricing of the user fee by the government …

This paper provides the first analysis of the trade-off between convenient flight connections and airport congestion. A …, the monopoly airline chooses to narrow the gap between its flights, yielding shorter layovers but more congestion. A … congestion while also shortening a connecting passenger's layover time. When the passenger's cost per unit of layover time rises …