In 1998 the Norwegian government introduced a program that increased parents' incentives to stay home with children … under the age of three. Many eligible children had older siblings, and we investigate how this program affected long …

data set. In particular, this alternative estimator allows us to exploit the information on children with no siblings in … fixed effects estimation. We obtain modest but significant effects of fetal growth rate on math and reading scores, with the …

, in the medium run, the effects of the reform are insignificant for both male and female children. The sons of treated … mothers are perceived as still having worse health at older ages, even if their objective health status has recovered. These … boys are also more likely to have private health insurance, which suggests more concerned mothers. …

(CEL) of 1997, and the differentiation in its implementation across regions, as instruments for schooling of young mothers … education of mothers increases the probability of completing the full course of DPT and Hepatitis B vaccinations for their … children. Furthermore, education increases the age of first marriage and birth, changes women's and their spouse's labour …

Using birth certificates matched to schooling records for Florida children born 1992 - 2002, we assess whether family … gap in neonatal health. We conclude that the gender gap among black children is larger than among white children in … substantial part because black children are raised in more disadvantaged families. …

We present direct evidence on the link between children’s patience and educational-track choices years later. Combining … an incentivized patience measure of 493 primary-school children with their high-school track choices taken at least three …

's counterfactual work behavior. We show that extending parental leave has significant positive effects on children's health and human … provided by mothers (or formal institutions) is superior to informal care arrangements. …

Inequality of opportunity strikes when two children with the same academic performance are sent to different quality … children are significantly less likely to enter the academic track if they come from low socio-economic status (SES) families …-intensity mentoring program can improve long-run education outcomes of low SES children and reduce inequality of opportunity. Low SES …

opportunity costs for raising children. Indeed, we show that children exposed to kindergartens were less likely to work during … that exposure to kindergartens particularly helped immigrant children from non-English-speaking countries to gain English … proficiency. Their attendance also generated positive language spillover effects on their mothers, illustrating the importance of …