, including tested numeracy skills as a proxy for unobserved ability. We find that job training reduces workers’ automation risk …

How skills acquired in vocational education and training (VET) affect wages and employment is not clear. We develop and … skills, while firms require and value different combinations of these skills. Assuming that match productivity exhibits … worker-job complementarity, we estimate how interpersonal, cognitive and manual skills map into job offers, unemployment and …

post-expansion certify their skills at significantly higher rates relative to those displaced pre-expansion. Increases in … certification post-expansion significantly reduce income losses after job loss. Certifying skills fosters recovery among early …

Workers acquire skills through formal schooling, through training provided by governments, and through training …