administrative credit panel data, we show that the payment pause led to a sharp drop in student loan payments and delinquencies for … borrowers subject to the debt moratorium, as well as an increase in credit scores. We find a large stimulus effect, as borrowers … to increase borrowing on credit cards, mortgages, and auto loans rather than avoid delinquencies. The effects are …

economy and in the presence of imperfect credit markets, a mix of tax- and fee-financing is optimal. In integrated labor …