of their output to enjoy a wide array of incentives - a practice prohibited by the World Trade Organization's Agreement …

emissions if and only if they lower the marginal product of dirty energy. The constrained-efficient subsidy equals the marginal … this more optimistic scenario, a clean subsidy generates significantly higher emissions and lower welfare than a tax on …

-term externalities of binge drinking. We find that these externalities are on average $4.9 billion per year ($7 billion), about $80 for …

externalities associated with energy use-global warming, local air pollution, and various side effects (e.g., congestion) from motor … vehicles. Techniques for (roughly) estimating the magnitude of these externalities, and corrective energy taxes, on a country …

Price Fixing Act on gasoline and diesel price levels. Using the synthetic control method, we construct a counterfactual and … Price Fixing Act came into effect, gasoline prices are 23.4% lower than the synthetic control predicts. The effect on diesel … effective in terms of gasoline prices but may need further refinements to effectively tackle diesel prices as well. …

cost and commuting cost determine how subsidising or taxing commuting affects behaviour and social efficiency. A subsidy … which the subsidy alleviates or exacerbates the tax distortions, also where housing is tax favoured, as is often the case …

-benevolent politicians may not choose efficient policies. Real-world examples indicate that politicians tend to concentrate on externalities … externalities appear along the lifecycle. In a simple model, we show that it may be efficient to subsidize innovative firms in their … early stages or to protect mature firms from competition to appropriate these externalities. However, non …