Fertility has long been declining in industrialised countries and the existence of public pension systems is considered … which a public pension system depresses fertility. Our theoretical framework highlights that the effect of a public pension … system on fertility works via the impact of contributions in such a system on disposable income as well as via the impact on …

fertility model that generates an endogenous demographic transition by means of distinguishing between female and male labor. We …

administrative vital statistics, we find that birth control clinics accounted for 5.0-7.8% of the overall fertility decline until … infant mortality. The effect of birth control clinics on puerperal deaths is consistently negative, yet insignificant …

-region growth model with endogenous fertility, in which public knowledge spillovers from the more advanced core into children …

human capital. In a framework with heterogeneity in productivity, and stochastic and endogenous investment in fertility and … displays both a benefit contingent on the contributions of children and a purely fertility-related component. …

We investigate the impact on mortality of the world's first compulsory health insurance, established by Otto von … generated a significant mortality reduction. The results are largely driven by a decline of deaths from infectious diseases. We …

instrumental-variable models that instrument education by landownership inequality and distance to Wittenberg and fertility by … previous-generation fertility and sex-imbalance ratio, we find that causation between fertility and education runs both ways …. Furthermore, education in 1849 predicts the fertility transition in 1880-1905. -- schooling ; fertility transition ; unified …