This paper argues that corruption in Russia is systemic in nature. Low wage levels of public officials provide strong … within Russia, survey the literature on the causes, consequences, and cures of corruption in Russia, and discuss entry points … incentives to engage in corruption. As corruption is illegal, corrupt officials can be exposed any time, which enforces loyalty …

Large-scale land acquisitions often take place in developing countries which are also known for their corruption …-friendliness caused by weak institutional frameworks. We hypothesize that corruption indeed leads to more land deals. We argue that … corrupt elites exploit poor institutional setups (characterized by corruption) to strike deals with domestic and international …

reduce local corruption and stimulate firms' investment in R&D and training to this day. We identify a causal effect by …

We study how the shadow economy affects pollution and how this effect depends on corruption levels in public … be accompanied by higher pollution levels. Our theoretical model predicts that controlling the levels of corruption can … levels of pollution are dependent on the levels of corruption. Our results hold when we control for the effects of other …

Habsburg affiliation increases current trust and reduces corruption in courts and police. Falsification tests of spuriously …. -- Habsburg Empire ; trust ; corruption ; institutions ; borders …

Understanding corruption is at the heart of treating the dysfunctionality of many countries’ public sectors. Yet, most … corruption research suffers from one common problem: There is no “objective” measure of public-sector corruption for a cross …-section of countries. Most studies on the determinants or the effects of corruption rely on indicators of corruption perception …