Are retaliatiory tariffs politically targeted and, if so, are they effective? Do countries designing a retaliation …

non-cooperative policies within a single framework. First, we compare the elasticity of trade flows to import tariffs and … in import tariffs by 1 percentage point reduces imports by around 1.4 percent. Hence the two instruments are not …, a country will more likely react to a trade "aggression" through monetary easing rather than through a tariff increase …

Historically, tariffs have been an attractive policy tool to protect domestic industries. The benefits of such a policy … in response to an increased tariff. Moreover, any production gains that occur are biased towards higher cost domestic …

) and the Tariff Function (Findlay and Wellisz, 1982) models are significant at the one percent level. Novel is our … find evidence of some misspecification in the Tariff Function model. …

President Bush imposed safeguard tariffs on steel in early 2002. Using US input-output tables and a generalized … difference-in-difference methodology, we analyze the local labor market employment effects of these tariffs depending on the … local labor market's reliance on steel as an input and as part of local production. We find the tariffs did not boost local …

with input-output connections. Sanctioning countries choose import tariffs to simultaneously maximize their income and … willingness to pay for sanctions against Russia, the most cost-efficient sanction is a uniform tariff on all Russian products of … on Russia's mining and energy products - with tariffs above 50% on other products - is the most cost-efficient policy …

zero-sum welfare effects similar to implicit tariffs that tilt the terms of trade in favor of countries exporting high … tariff imposed by high-income countries on low-income partners. These findings are robust to accounting for global input … mitigated through additional preferential tariff concessions under the WTO or a globally coordinated destination tax on profits …

To identify transactions at risk of tariff evasion, this paper matches export transaction data from France with import … prevalent but small, with over two-fifths of importers reporting in a way that increases their tariff liability. Yet, aggregate … tariff revenues are 24 percent lower due to discrepancies. These revenue losses are highly concentrated: the top five evaders …

climate policy community. Key remaining parties to the Agreement such as Europe and China might call for carbon tariffs on US … advocates of carbon tariffs: Given the possibility of retaliatory tariffs across all imported goods, carbon tariffs do not … constitute a credible threat for the US. A tariff war with its main trading partners China and Europe might make the US worse off …