migration cost reduction and skill accumulation. While trade liberalization is important for urbanization during the transition …n this paper we determine the main driving forces underlying the structural transformation and urbanization process in … rural areas, two types of traded goods manufactured in urban areas, and barriers to both trade and migration. The model is …

to shocks, the degree of urbanization and specialization. We take the Great Recession, the economic and financial crisis … period, we find that the degree and nature of regional urbanization and specialization are important drivers of the … affected by the crisis, a result that suggests a relationship with international trade. …

explain why urbanization did not drive the economy to sustained growth. Our main contribution, validated by an estimated VAR … productivity. The analysis provides a picture of a trapped economy where urbanization was unable to trigger a persistent process of …

Communities urbanize when the net benefits to urbanization exceed rural areas. Body mass, height, and weight are …

and natural and historical trade networks played a vital role in urban recovery. Our study highlights the role played by …

Individuals urbanize when the net benefits to urbanization exceed rural living conditions. Body mass, height, and … urban females, and urban females may not have been affected as much as males by urbanization. …

This study argues that urbanization changed the relationship between the occupation of candidates running in … parliamentary elections and their electoral success. To identify local-level variation in urbanization, we leverage exogenous … suggest that urbanization was detrimental to the electoral success of lawyers but beneficial to that of employees and workers …