Women tend to experience substantial declines in their labor income after their first child is born, while men do not …. Do such "child penalties" also exist in the political arena? Using extensive administrative data from Norway and an event …-study methodology, we find that women drop out of local politics to a larger extent than men after their first child is born. Parenthood …

We construct a dynamic model of child development where forward-looking parents and children jointly take actions to … increase the child's cognitive and non-cognitive skills within a Markov Perfect Equilibrium framework. In addition to time and … money investments in their child, parents also choose whether to use explicit incentives to increase the child's self …

insurance, and financial incentives such as child transfers. Childcare expansions increase completed fertility. Financial … child care programs have potential to reduce social inequalities. …

revenues, meaning that higher spending on child-rearing results in lower pensions, and vice versa. We derive the political … to retirees in the economy. Public investment in child care can change the fertility rate and shift the economy toward a …