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Over 10 years ago, Feld and Voigt (2003) introduced the first indicator for objectively meas-uring the actual independence of the judiciary and demonstrated its utility in a large cross-section of countries. The indicator has been widely used, but also criticized. This paper pre-sents more...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010417470
This paper studies the factors driving changes in judicial independence (JI) as incorporated in constitutions. Two indicators of constitutionally safeguarded JI are constructed. Variations in these indicators are identified based on changes in the constitutions of as many as 100 countries that...
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It is argued that an independent judiciary is a necessary condition for both individual liberty and economic prosperity. After having surveyed the literature dealing with how to arrange for an independent judiciary, the authors derive some additional policy implications by drawing on two...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10011450509
uncertain costs. It is found that with supply function competition, and in contrast to Bayesian Cournot competition … private signals or more correlation among the costs parameters. In fact, for large values of noise or correlation supply …
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A finite number of sellers (n) compete in schedules to supply an elastic demand. The costs of the sellers have … with more noise in the private signals or more correlation among the costs parameters. In fact, for large values of noise …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10003910453
Exploiting the exogenous variation in childcare costs caused by a Swedish childcare reform, we are able to identify the … causal effect of childcare costs on fertility in a context in which childcare enrollment is almost universal, user fees are … low, and the labor force participation of mothers is very high. Anticipation of a reduction in childcare costs increased …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10008697836