banks have "retrenched", for various reasons. In this context, supply-chain finance arrangements, and other alternative …

Developments in trade finance in 2020 were largely driven by the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Twelve years after … the great financial crisis of 2008-09, the issue of trade finance re-emerged as a matter of urgency. While the current … structural trade finance gaps were high even before the pandemic. As the health crisis developed and persisted, banks experienced …

Trade credit is the most important form of short-term finance for U.S. firms. In 2017, non-financial firms had about $3 …

In this paper we integrate the costs of trade finance in a computable general equilibrium (CGE) model to evaluate the … trade and output effects of counterfactual policy experiments on costs of and access to trade finance. The costs of … being delivered, considering risk aversion of traders. These costs are determined for four ways to finance international …

costs of ordering firms hold an inventory of intermediates. We show that in response to an uncertainty shock firms optimally … adjust their inventory policy by cutting their orders of foreign intermediates disproportionately strongly. In the aggregate …

The paper develops a simple theoretical model of inventory control in global supply chains. It identifies a role for … intermediaries in managing inventory, and shows that inserting an intermediary as an additional link in a supply chain is profitable … when demand volatility is high. It also provides conditions under which the intermediary handling inventory is located in …

The paper shows that taking inventory control out of the hands of competitive or exclusive retailers and assigning it … because doing so solves incentive distortions that arise when retailers have to allocate inventory across sales periods, and … thus allows for better intertemporal price discrimination. Assigning inventory control to a manufacturer is also shown to …

We develop a dynamic model of inventory investment and trade to examine how firms adjust to changes in international … are shown to significantly reduce both the inventory-sales and the import-sales ratios, as the firm adjusts its stockout …