provide a comprehensive database covering four elements of the GFSN (foreign exchange reserves, IMF financing, central bank …

There is a perception that IMF programmes are not catalytic and instead associated with large capital outflows, higher … effects of IMF programmes may deter countries from asking for an IMF programme when they need one, a form of "IMF stigma". We … materialise and how past experience with adverse market reactions affects subsequent IMF programme participation. Our results …

Bailouts sponsored by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) are famous for their conditionality: in return for … finding a measure of political importance that is not plagued by endogeneity and obtaining data on IMF conditionality. We … available dataset on the level of conditionality attached to (a maximum of) 314 IMF arrangements with 101 countries over the …

organizations. We test this theory empirically by examining how the United States uses bilateral aid and IMF loans to buy other … United States in the UNSC, while concurring votes of states less allied with the US are rewarded with loans from the IMF …

advanced ones. As a consequence, the IMF has engaged in "serial lending", with programs often spanning decades. Moreover, the …, as the needs of its clients and the type of crisis changed substantially over time. Some deceptively "new" IMF activities … are not entirely new. Before emerging market economies dominated IMF programs, advanced economies were its earliest (and …

What is an optimal or a sustainable external debt - for a country, region or sector? How should one monitor and … evaluate debt to preclude a crisis? We use stochastic optimal control/dynamic programming to derive an optimal debt. The … explain the implications of DP. An explicit example is the US Agricultural debt crisis. …

This paper studies the long-run impact of public debt expansion on economic growth and investigates whether the debt … for a universally applicable threshold effect in the relationship between public debt and economic growth, once we account … negative long-run effects of public debt build-up on output growth. Provided that public debt is on a downward trajectory, a …

This paper investigates the long-run effects of public debt and inflation on economic growth. Our contribution is both … over the 1965-2010 period, we find significant negative long-run effects of public debt and inflation on growth. Our … results indicate that, if the debt to GDP ratio is raised and this increase turns out to be permanent, then it will have …