Performance ranks introduce a trade-off for workers. They have to choose between signaling high productivity or … incentives underlying performance ranks. Treated workers receive either private or public ranks. In response, intrinsic … incentives from private ranks do not affect productivity. But publicly-ranked workers reduce productivity to conform to their …

agents optimize and absent bunching, ranks in the actual and optimal allocations become an invariant dimension. This allows … us to obtain optimal marginal tax rates as a function of ranks, and numerically illustrate the relationship between ranks …