to license all its existing patents royalty-free. The compulsory licensing increased follow-on innovation building on … Bell patents by 17%. This effect is driven mainly by young and small companies. Yet, innovation increased only outside the …We study the 1956 consent decree against the Bell System to investigate whether patents held by a dominant firm are …

innovation. We associate the strength of IPR protection with the duration of a country's patents that are applied with national … a world economy with ongoing innovation in two countries that differ in market size and in their capacities for … are patents longer in the North? We also study international patent agreements by deriving the properties of an efficient …

with network effects are well-suited for the analysis of software copying while other models incorporating the feature that …

the presence of such products on innovation and consumer welfare. For a given number of buyers, platform liability … increases innovation by reducing the competitive pressure faced by innovative products. However, there can be a misalignment of … intended effect on innovation. Platform liability tends to increase (decrease) innovation and consumer welfare when the …

The internet has given birth to an expanding number of shared virtual reality spaces, with a collective population well …

exists entirely on 40 computers in San Diego. Unlike many internet ventures, virtual worlds are making money - with annual … internet innovations, virtual worlds may soon become the primary venue for all online activity. …

may even reduce welfare. The reason is that it crowds out proprietary innovation which on net may reduce total innovation … in the long run. These effects would be reinforced if philanthropical innovation diverted people from other productive …

Using data from the US automobile market, we empirically examine the link between competition and innovation …. Consistent with a large literature, we use patent counts as a measure of innovation. The combination of the US market's economic … importance, market dynamics, and the significant intertemporal fluctuations in firms' market shares and patents make this an …