In the pharmaceutical industry, firms frequently engage in licensing agreements to overcome innovation challenges and … keep up with the pace of developing new drugs. Licensing helps firms jointly develop new drugs and acquire external … knowledge, which helps improve their internal drug development capability. Our study examines the dynamic effects of licensing …

harmful for innovation and if so, whether compulsory licensing can provide an effective remedy. The consent decree settled an … to license all its existing patents royalty-free. The compulsory licensing increased follow-on innovation building on … Bell patents by 17%. This effect is driven mainly by young and small companies. Yet, innovation increased only outside the …

This paper analyzes patent pools and their effects on innovation incentives. It is shown that the pro …-competitive effects of patent pools for complementary patents naturally extend for dynamic innovation incentives. However, this simple … case, the licensing fees reflect the strength of patents. Patent pools of complementary patents can be used to discourage …

of R&D. Our work analyzes knowledge diffusion and knowledge externalities in generating innovation and in determining … North America as revealed by patent citation between US-granted patents. Then we estimate the impact of these flows on … productivity of R&D resources in generating innovation (patenting) and productivity (TFP). While we find that knowledge diffusion …

contributes to innovation in source countries. We use changes in the labour mobility legislation within Europe as exogenous … variation to establish causality. By analysing patent citation data, we further provide evidence that these positive effects are …

inverse U-shaped relationship between patent strength and growth: moderate levels of patent protection can stimulate growth …

uncertainty, firms frequently engage in R&D collaborations, e.g., Research Joint Ventures (RJVs), and licensing agreements. While … RJVs are well explored in the literature, very little is known about the use of licensing agreements. Building on a novel … database which includes licensing agreements in the semiconductor industry between 1989 and 1999, we estimate a bivariate …

domestic welfare. We consider the potential implementation of three innovation agreements: cooperative research joint venture … (RJV), non-cooperative RJV and licensing. In the cooperative (non-cooperative) RJV, the firms (do not) internalize R …&D spillovers. We show that, for the domestic firm, the cooperative RJV dominates and licensing is the least desirable alternative …

incentives to form a patent pool or engage in cross-licensing arrangements in the presence of uncertainty as to the validity and …Most patent pools are formed in the shadow of patent litigation as an attempt to settle disputes in regard to … incentives. Antitrust implications of patent pools are considered. The effects of patent pools on third party incentives to …