We review recent research linking international trade to the environment, with a focus on new results and methods. The …-style approach to trade and the environment, its full potential has not yet been exploited. We discuss existing empirical and …

The unbundling of trade across regions offers unique opportunities for SMEs to integrate into global trade notably … factoring has a positive effect in allowing SMEs to access international trade, in countries in which it is available. Factoring …

Recent trade theory in the Krugman (1980) tradition predicts that countries with larger market size enjoy higher levels … spending on inputs is affected by trade costs. However, in cross-country data, there is no such positive correlation between … is implicitly assumed in the usual formulation of aggregate CES production functions. Whether trade liberalization …

We study the effect of international trade and freeness of trade (openness) on interregional inequality within … on weighted trade shares and trade costs. In addition to the standard trade-to-GDP ratio, we derive and propose an … aggregate freeness-of-trade measure based on phiness of trade. Both measures are instrumented by proxies constructed from …

We investigate the empirical impact of violence as compared to other trade impediments on trade flows. Our analysis is … of terrorism, as well as internal and external conflict is equivalent to as much as a 30 percent tariff on trade. This is …

This paper argues that openness to goods trade in combination with an unequal distribution of political power has been … provision of schooling are typically lower in an open than in a closed economy. Moreover, we find that, under openness to trade …, development is faster in a democratic system. We also endogenize the trade regime and demonstrate that, in political equilibrium …