We develop novel measures of early-career skills that are more detailed, comprehensive, and labor-market-relevant than …-approved, nationally standardized apprenticeship plans. These plans provide more than 13,000 different skills and the exact duration of … skills acquired during apprenticeship are highly - yet differently - rewarded. We also document rising returns to digital and …

regressions that incorporate worker skills. We find that educational achievement strongly predicts economic growth across U …

This paper uses teacher assessments at age 16 in Norwegian comprehensive schools to measure different types of skills …. While we follow the literature and interpret test scores in Mathematics and Science as proxy for cognitive skills, we use a … novel measure for another type of skills: Performance in behavioral and practical subjects. Using individual register data …

college enrollment and graduation. They also affect outcomes in later life, increasing cognitive skills and improving labor … later years. Recessions at high-school graduation narrow the gender gaps in numeracy skills and labor-market success. …

We study the long-term effects of a randomized intervention targeting children’s socio-emotional skills. The classroom …-emotional skills rather than cognitive skills. …